Digital and space technologies is giving rise to a new space economy, often referred to as ‘space-as-a-service’. While this creates exciting opportunities, it also brings to light the growing challenge of maintaining sustainable space-based infrastructure, both in orbit and beyond.

The accumulation of space debris presents a significant threat, potentially obstructing future exploration and utilization of space. In the near future, even our ability to observe the universe from Earth could be at risk.

As the space industry rapidly expands—driven by satellite manufacturing, support equipment production, and the launch sector—it also introduces environmental challenges. These include the impact of rocket re-entries, light pollution disrupting astronomical observations, and environmental consequences right here on Earth.

Thousands of defunct satellites, rocket parts, and tiny fragments from past missions now clutter Earth’s orbit, turning space into a hazardous environment. Dr. Abhiram Nair, an Indian innovator and founder of ERETS Space, is in charge of addressing this growing problem.

“We’re at a crucial point in space exploration. If we don’t actively manage the debris, we risk jeopardizing future missions,” Dr. Nair explains. His vision is clear: create innovative, long-term solutions that make space safer and more sustainable for the generations to come. Through ERETS Space, Dr. Nair is pioneering laser-based technology aimed at mitigating the growing threat of space debris, and his work is placing him at the forefront of space sustainability.

Space pollution has become a self-sustaining problem. Over 8,000 spacecraft currently contribute to the creation of debris by colliding with existing space junk orbiting Earth. At present, there are about 128 million objects larger than 1 mm in space. Of these, 34,000 are bigger than 10 cm, and 900,000 are over 1 cm in size, all moving at a staggering speed of 7 km/sec.

This debris increases light pollution, hindering astronomical observations and disrupting radio frequencies, both of which rely on dark, quiet skies. A 2023 United Nations report identified space debris as a critical tipping point, alongside issues like a Gulf Stream collapse and melting polar ice, which could have a significant impact on our lives.

The problem of space debris has been steadily increasing since the launch of the first artificial satellite in 1957. Now, after decades of human activity in space, the issue has reached critical mass. There are approximately 30,000 trackable objects larger than 10 cm currently in orbit, with millions of smaller pieces moving at high speeds that pose a danger to active satellites and manned space missions.

These fragments, some of which are the size of a bolt or smaller, can cause catastrophic damage if they collide with functioning spacecraft. “Even the smallest debris can puncture critical systems,” Dr. Nair points out. “The challenge isn’t just about cleaning up—it’s about preventing future disasters.”

The environmental consequences are severe. Space debris can remain in orbit for decades, depending on its altitude, and without proactive removal, the density of debris will only increase. If left unchecked, this could trigger a phenomenon known as the Kessler Syndrome, where a cascade of collisions in space creates even more debris, potentially rendering certain orbits unusable.

To combat this, Dr. Nair stresses the need for immediate intervention: “We have to start now, or we’ll face a future where space becomes so congested that safe operations are nearly impossible.”

ERETS Space involves a groundbreaking use of laser technology to remove debris from orbit. Traditional methods for addressing space debris, like nets or robotic arms, are not only expensive but also limited in their reach. Laser technology, on the other hand, offers a scalable and efficient alternative.

ERETS Space’s laser-based system works by targeting debris and using focused energy to alter its orbit, either slowing it down or speeding it up so it can re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere and burn up safely. This approach offers a non-invasive, cost-effective way to manage debris, allowing space missions to proceed without the constant risk of collision.

“Lasers give us precision,” Dr. Nair explains. “We can target debris of various sizes without physical intervention. It’s safer, more flexible, and can be deployed in real-time.”

The adaptability of laser technology also means it can be used in different orbital environments, from low-Earth orbit to geostationary orbits, providing a comprehensive solution to the debris problem.

As space traffic increases with more satellites being launched each year, this kind of proactive debris management is vital. Dr. Nair’s work is not only about addressing current threats but also creating an infrastructure that prevents future buildup. “The goal isn’t just to clean up today’s mess. We need to make space sustainable for tomorrow.”

ERETS Space, under Dr. Nair’s leadership, has positioned itself as a global innovator in space debris management. The company’s upcoming satellite manufacturing labs in Coimbatore, India, set to launch in January 2025, will play a significant role in scaling their efforts. These labs will develop new technologies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of space debris removal, further cementing ERETS Space’s role as a key player in space sustainability.

ERETS Space is working closely with international partners and space agencies to advocate for better regulations surrounding space debris. Dr. Nair highlights the importance of global cooperation in addressing this issue. “Space is a shared resource. No one country can tackle this alone,” he says. “We need international standards and frameworks to ensure that everyone is playing their part.”

ERETS Space has also been recognized globally for its efforts. Recently, the company was named one of the top 10 most watchable space traffic management companies in the world by US Insights. This recognition underscores ERETS Space’s leadership in developing solutions to address space debris and ensure safe navigation for future space missions.

Looking ahead, Dr. Nair and his team have ambitious plans. They are continuously refining their laser technology and exploring new ways to make space more sustainable. This includes working with governments and private companies to integrate debris management into satellite design and mission planning from the outset.

For Dr. Nair, the future of space depends on creating systems that prioritize sustainability. “We can’t afford to treat space like an infinite resource. The actions we take today will determine the future of space exploration for generations.

Dr. Nair emphasizes, "We have an opportunity to craft a positive narrative around space exploration—one that highlights international scientific cooperation, solidarity, and inclusive thinking. This is key to inspiring the younger generations to actively engage in space science and become part of the future solutions."

The consistent use of space sustainability tools can motivate space organizations to design and carry out more responsible missions, ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of the space environment.